What Does a Dog Seizure Look Like?

Seizures in dogs can be a frightening experience for both the pet and the owner. Recognizing the signs and understanding what a seizure looks like can help you react appropriately and seek timely veterinary care. In this blog, we will delve into the symptoms, causes, and types of seizures, as well as what steps to take if your dog has a seizure.

What Are Seizures in Dogs? 

Seizures occur when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This disruption can cause a range of physical symptoms, from minor twitches to full-body convulsions. 

Types of Seizures

There are several types of seizures that dogs can experience:

• Generalized Seizures: Generalized seizures, also known as grand mal seizures, involve both sides of the brain and usually affect the entire body. During these seizures, a dog may lose consciousness, fall over, and experience convulsions.
• Focal Seizures: Focal, or partial, seizures occur in a specific area of the brain and can cause localized symptoms. This might include twitching in one limb, facial tics, or unusual behaviors like snapping at the air.
• Psychomotor Seizures: Psychomotor seizures involve strange behavior that lasts a few minutes. During these seizures, a dog may chase its tail, attack invisible objects, or exhibit other odd behaviors.

Phases of a Seizure in Dogs

Understanding phases of a seizure can help you identify when your dog is experiencing one and take the necessary steps to keep them safe.

Pre-Ictal Phase

The pre-ictal phase, or aura, is the period before a seizure starts. During this phase, your dog may appear anxious, restless, or clingy. They might pace, whine, or seek attention more than usual.

Ictal Phase

The ictal phase is when the seizure occurs. Depending on the type of seizure, symptoms can range from mild to severe. Common signs include:

• Collapsing
• Jerking or twitching muscles
• Stiffening of the body
• Loss of consciousness
• Drooling
• Paddling motions with the legs
• Involuntary urination or defecation

Post-Ictal Phase

After the seizure, your dog will enter the post-ictal phase. During this recovery period, they might be disoriented, confused, or temporarily blind. It’s not uncommon for dogs to be restless or lethargic as they regain their senses.

What Causes Seizures in Dogs?

Seizures can have various underlying causes including: 

Idiopathic Epilepsy

Idiopathic epilepsy is a genetic condition with no identifiable cause. Breeds such as Beagles, Border Collies, and German Shepherds are more prone to this condition.

Structural Causes

Structural causes of seizures include brain tumors, trauma, infections, or congenital abnormalities. These conditions can disrupt normal brain function and lead to seizures.

Metabolic Causes

Metabolic disorders like liver disease, kidney failure, hypoglycemia, and electrolyte imbalances can also trigger seizures. Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect and manage these conditions.

Toxicity

Exposure to certain toxins, such as pesticides, household cleaners, or certain plants, can cause seizures. Always keep harmful substances out of your dog’s reach and monitor their environment.

What to Do if Your Dog Has a Seizure

Seeing your dog have a seizure can be distressing, but staying calm and following these steps can help you manage the situation effectively.

During the Seizure

• Stay calm: Your dog needs you to remain calm and composed.
• Move hazards away: Clear the area of objects that could harm your dog during the seizure.
• Do not restrain: Do not try to hold your dog down or put anything in their mouth.
• Time the seizure: Note how long the seizure lasts. Seizures typically last from a few seconds to a couple of minutes.

After the Seizure

• Comfort your dog: Speak softly and gently pet your dog to reassure them.
• Monitor behavior: Watch for any unusual behavior or signs of distress.
• Contact your vet: Call Bulverde Animal Hospital at (830) 438-7200 or request an appointment online to discuss the seizure and determine if immediate care is needed.

When to Contact Bulverde Animal Hospital

While not all seizures require emergency care, certain situations warrant immediate attention from your veterinarian at Bulverde Animal Hospital:

Prolonged Seizures

Seizures lasting more than five minutes, known as status epilepticus, are a medical emergency. Prolonged seizures can cause brain damage and other serious complications.

Cluster Seizures

Cluster seizures are multiple seizures that occur within a short period, often without full recovery between episodes. This situation can be life-threatening and requires prompt veterinary intervention.

First-Time Seizures

If your dog experiences their first seizure, they need to be evaluated by a veterinarian to determine the cause and an appropriate treatment plan.

Managing Seizures and Long-Term Care for Your Dog

Managing seizures involves a combination of veterinary care, medication, and lifestyle adjustments to ensure your dog leads a healthy life.

Veterinary Care

Routine wellness appointments help monitor your dog’s condition and allow your vet to adjust treatment plans as needed. Your vet will work with you to identify triggers and minimize seizure frequency.

Medication

Anticonvulsant medications can help control seizures in dogs. Your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate medication and dosage based on your dog’s specific needs.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Maintaining a stress-free environment and providing a consistent routine can help reduce seizure frequency. Avoiding known triggers and ensuring your dog gets regular exercise and a balanced diet also contribute to overall well-being.

Caring for a dog that has seizures can be challenging, but with the right treatment plan and support, your pet can enjoy a full and happy life by your side. If you have any concerns about your dog’s seizures, call Bulverde Animal Hospital at (830) 438-7200 or request an appointment online.